I realize most people use these once or twice and then it just collects dust. That said, I do want it small enough where it can sit on my desk and use in an apartment. (Are fumes an issue? Does it make a big mess?) What are some decent printers that fit this spec? Hopefully less than $500.
Then on to the 3d modeling. Does everyone just use 3dsmax, maya, blender, zbrush? What's a good way to go about learning how to actually make stuff. Model a widget and print it.
Prusa MK2 / MK2.5 / MK3 are decent printers, and are advanced enough to not to worry much about it. If you can afford MK3 go for it. I'd recommend the Kit so that while assembling it you get to learn how it works.
For modelling another options is OpenSCAD. It is very different form other tools. It lets you design 3D figures using textural declarations. Its harder to use in the beginning but makes it easier to modify designs and be very precise in measurements.
PLA material has no fumes.
As for modeling I would probably recommend you learn some sort of CAD software too, fusion 360 is probably the best free one right now. This would be useful for very precise parts but not necessarily for artistic endeavors.